Chlamydia

An infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Some variants cause lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which requires a different treatment approach.

Through vaginal, anal or oral sex; it can also be passed to a baby during birth.

It is not transmitted through hugs, shared utensils or ordinary toilet use.

It can go unnoticed. Untreated genital infection sometimes leads to pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility problems.

If symptoms develop, they may appear within about three weeks after exposure. Symptoms do not necessarily occur.

Sensitivity depends on the test, timing and sample site. If you have symptoms, do not wait for a calendar deadline; an early negative result may need repeating.

Burning, unusual discharge, lower abdominal pain and bleeding after sex. Rectal symptoms include pain, discharge or bleeding.

Yes, very often. Screening specifically looks for infection when there are no symptoms.

The cervix, urethra and rectum; sometimes the throat. Severe proctitis may require assessment for LGV.

Usually with a molecular NAAT/PCR test. Blood antibody tests do not replace a sample for a current uncomplicated genital infection.

A vaginal/genital swab or first-catch urine; a rectal swab after relevant exposure. Throat testing is considered according to the context.

A treatment plan is needed. A positive result alone does not establish when infection occurred or prove infidelity.

With a prescribed antibiotic. Pregnancy and the infection site affect the choice. A PCR performed very soon after treatment may detect residual genetic material.

Yes. A repeat test around three months after treatment is important for detecting reinfection.

Recent partners should be assessed. Avoid sex until the required period after treatment has passed and partners have been treated; follow the specific instructions.

Condoms, barriers and regular testing based on exposures. You do not need symptoms to discuss a test.

Seek prompt medical care for pelvic or testicular pain, fever, symptoms during pregnancy or severe rectal pain.

Book a test and explain the site of exposure. If the result is positive, plan treatment, a conversation with partners and a repeat test.